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Visual computations arise from the combination of basic elements known as visual features, which are stimuli that match specific spatiotemporal patterns selected by neural circuitry. These visual features are combined, subtracted and divided to generate more complex computations. The classical or linear receptive field of a neuron is typically considered to represent the primary visual feature about which the neuron communicates. Input to the linear receptive field is often modulated by other visual features that represent a context¹. Context-dependent modulatory effects can be spatiotemporal including the specific computations of object motion sensitivity², peripheral excitation^3,4 and surround suppression in retina^5,6 and cortex^7,8. The context can also be purely temporal, with the previous history defining the response to a more recent stimulus, as in the case of the omitted stimulus response⁹ and retinal sensitization¹⁰. Context-dependent modulation also plays a more general statistical role in visual processing, including divisive normalization, which has been proposed to reduce statistical dependencies between visual features¹¹ and in non- sensory systems¹².

Mechanisms of context-dependent effects in the retina have focused on amacrine cells,

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Neural correlates of perisaccadic visual mislocalization in extrastriate cortex

Introduction

Saccades are rapid eye movements that shift the center of gaze to a new location in the visual field. Changes in visual perception occur around the time of saccades^1,2. For example, our subjective experience of the visual scene remains stable across the abrupt changes of the retinal image during saccades. This phenomenon is called visual stability, and many studies have attempted to explain the mechanism behind it³. Several other perceptual phenomena which occur around the time of saccades have also been studied psychophysically. For example, there is a general reduction in visual sensitivity during saccades, a phenomenon called saccadic suppression or saccadic omission, that has been reported in both macaques and humans^4,5,6,7. Saccadic eye movements also alter our perception of time⁸. Another phenomenon is perisaccadic mislocalization, in which the perceived location of a visual stimulus appearing near the time of a saccade is biased. Perisaccadic mislocalization was first discovered as a perisaccadic shift, a unidirectional mislocalization parallel to the saccade, when the experiments were done in darkness^9,10,11,12. Later studies have demonstrated perisaccadic compres